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Does your dog get nervous when they see you getting ready to leave the house? Do they go bonkers with joy when you come home? Did they destroy your shoes, claw the door, or chew the corner off an end table while you were gone? Your dog could have separation anxiety.
What Is Separation Anxiety?
Separation anxiety happens when a dog that’s hyper-attached to their owner gets super-stressed when left alone. It’s more than a little whining when you leave or a bit of mischief while you’re out. It’s a serious condition and one of the main reasons owners get frustrated with their dogs and give them up. But there are plenty of things you can do to help.
Signs of Separation Anxiety
A dog who has separation anxiety shows a lot of stress when they are alone. They might:
- Howl, bark, or whine excessively
- Have indoor “accidents” even though they are housebroken
- Chew things up, dig holes, scratch at windows and doors
- Drool, pant, or salivate way more than usual
- Pace, often in an obsessive pattern
- Try to escape
They likely won’t do any of these things to an extreme while you’re around. A normal dog might do some of these things once in a while, but one with separation anxiety will do them almost all the time when left alone.
How to Treat Separation Anxiety
First, talk to your vet to rule out any medical problems. Sometimes dogs have accidents in the house because of infections or hormone problems or other health conditions. It also could be due to incomplete housebreaking. And some medications can cause accidents. If your dog takes any drugs, ask your vet if they are to blame.
If the Problem Is Mild …
- Give your dog a special treat each time you leave (like a puzzle toy stuffed with peanut butter). Only give them this treat when you’re gone, and take it away when you get home.
- Make your comings and goings low-key without a lot of greeting.
- Ignore your pup for the first few minutes after you get home.
- Leave some recently worn clothes out that smell like you.
- Consider giving your pet over-the-counter natural calming supplements.
If the Problem Is More Serious …
A dog with severe anxiety won’t be distracted by even the tastiest treats. You’ll need to slowly get them used to your absence. They may start to get nervous when they see signs you’re about to leave, like putting on your shoes or picking up your keys. So do those things, but then don’t leave. Put on your shoes and then sit down at the table. Pick up your keys and watch TV. Do this over and over many times a day. When your dog starts to feel less anxious about that, you can slowly start to disappear.
1. Desensitization and Counterconditioning
- Gradually expose your dog to the cues that signal your departure (e.g., picking up keys, putting on shoes) without actually leaving.
- Associate these cues with positive experiences, such as treats or playtime.
- Over time, your dog will learn that these cues don’t always lead to your departure.
2. Create a Safe Space
- Designate a cozy area where your dog feels secure.
- Fill it with their favorite toys, a soft bed, and an item of clothing that smells like you.
- This safe space can provide comfort and reduce anxiety.
3. Interactive Toys and Puzzles
- Keep your dog mentally engaged during your absence.
- Puzzle toys filled with treats or kibble can distract them and provide mental stimulation.
- Consider freezing a Kong toy with peanut butter or wet food for longer-lasting entertainment.
4. Gradual Departures
- Practice leaving for short intervals and gradually increase the duration.
- Start with just a few minutes and work your way up to longer periods.
- Be calm and matter-of-fact when leaving and returning.
5. Calming Music or White Noise
- Play soothing music or use a white noise machine to create a calming environment.
- Some dogs find classical music or nature sounds comforting.
6. Professional Help
- Consult a professional dog trainer or behaviorist if your dog’s anxiety persists.
- They can create a customized plan to address your dog’s specific needs.
7. Routine and Predictability
- Dogs thrive on routine. Establish a consistent daily schedule for feeding, walks, and playtime.
- Predictability helps reduce anxiety by making your dog feel more in control.
8. Gradual Departures and Counterconditioning
- Extend the time you’re away gradually. Start with a few minutes and gradually increase it.
- Use counterconditioning by associating your departure cues with positive experiences (e.g., treats, toys).
9. Interactive Cameras and Treat Dispensers
- Set up a camera to check on your dog remotely. Some cameras even allow two-way communication.
- Use treat dispensers to reward your dog during your absence.
10. Calming Supplements and Pheromone Diffusers
- Consult your vet about natural calming supplements or pheromone diffusers.
- Pheromones mimic the calming scents produced by mother dogs and can help reduce anxiety.
11. Practice Absences
- Simulate your departure without actually leaving. Put on your shoes, grab your keys, and then sit back down.
- Gradually increase the time you spend doing these activities.
12. Professional Training
- Consider professional training or behavior modification programs.
- A skilled trainer can guide you through techniques specific to your dog’s needs.
13. Exercise and Mental Stimulation
- Regular exercise helps reduce anxiety. Take your dog for walks, play fetch, or engage in other physical activities.
- Mental stimulation is equally important. Puzzle toys, treat-dispensing balls, and training sessions keep their minds occupied.
14. Gradual Departures and “Stay” Training
- Practice leaving your home for longer periods, gradually building up to your desired duration.
- Teach your dog the “stay” command. Start with short intervals and gradually increase the time they remain in place.
15. Comforting Scents
- Leave an unwashed shirt or blanket with your scent near your dog’s resting area.
- Consider using calming essential oils (such as lavender or chamomile) in a diffuser.
16. Positive Associations
- Associate your departure with positive experiences. For example, give your dog a special treat or a favorite toy just before leaving.
- Create a positive routine around your departures.
17. Avoid Punishment
- Never scold or punish your dog for anxious behavior related to your departure. It can worsen their anxiety.
- Instead, focus on positive reinforcement and patience.
18. Gradual Alone Time
- Practice short periods of alone time even when you’re home. This helps your dog learn that being alone is okay.
- Gradually increase the duration of these practice sessions.
Remember, each dog is unique, and finding the right combination of techniques may take time. Be compassionate, observe your dog’s progress, and adjust your approach as needed. With love, patience, and consistency, you can help your furry companion feel more secure when you’re away.
